| |
|
Don Yeomans - JPL
June 27, 1996
Additional observations through June 23, 1996 have been used to update the orbit, ephemeris, and error analysis.
Object: Comet C/1995 O1 (Hale-Bopp)
JPL Ref. Solution: 35
Planetary Ephemeris:
DE403
No. Observations: 1008
Observation Arc: 1995 Jul 24 - 1996 Jun 23
Residual Summary RA Dec TotalMean .017 -.002 .017
RMS, unweighted .679 .880 .786
Corrected Elements (J2000): Solution 35
Epoch 2450520.50000 = 1997 Mar 13.00000
Post-Fit Std.Dev.
e .995072729 .000004475
q .914084667 .000007855
Tp 2450539.6399555 .0023588 1997 Apr 1.13996
Node 282.4707037 .0000174
w 130.5927430 .0003436
I 89.4299101 .0001570
The following (J2000) osculating orbital elements can be used to generate ephemeris data using two body programs. However, care must be taken to select an orbital element set with an epoch close to the desired ephemeris output times.
Epoch (TDB) e q Node wI Tp
1996 Jul 16.0 .99554324 .914852863 282.473691 130.539365 89.438282 1997 Apr 1.089503
1996 Aug 15.0 .99536868 .914548957 282.473241 130.559195 89.435971 1997 Apr 1.112512
1996 Sep 4.0 .99528829 .914414772 282.472889 130.568183 89.434525 1997 Apr 1.121524
1997 Mar 13.0 .99507273 .914084667 282.470704 130.592743 89.429910 1997 Apr 1.139956
1997 Sep 9.0 .99506420 .914025638 282.469865 130.588890 89.428832 1997 Apr 1.139105
e: Eccentricity
q: Perihelion passage distance (AU)
Node: Longitude of the ascending node (deg.)
w: Argument of perihelion (deg.)
i: Inclination (deg.)
Tp: Perihelion passage time (TDB)
Ephemeris data at 1 day and 5 day steps (O hours UTC)
Ephemeris computed using JPL orbital
solution No. 35 dated June 27, 1996
Magnitude predictions are only crude estimates.
Absolute (inertial) plane-of-sky ephemeris uncertainties (1-sigma) over this interval are as follows:
1996 June - Sep. < 2"1997 Jan. - Feb. < 10"
1997 Mar. < 20"
1997 Apr. < 10"
Ephemeris (with perturbations) for C/1995 O1 (Hale-Bopp)
Date (UT) R.A. J2000 Dec. Delta Deldot r
Theta Beta Moon TMag
1996 Jun 27 19 00 09.76 -12 17 26.9 2.967 -22.63 3.961
166.1 3.5 66 6.8
1996 Jun 28 18 58 49.73 -12 11 31.2 2.954 -22.00 3.951
166.8 3.4 52 6.8
1996 Jun 29 18 57 28.90 -12 05 34.8 2.942 -21.37 3.940
167.4 3.2 37 6.8
1996 Jun 30 18 56 07.33 -11 59 37.8 2.929 -20.74 3.929
168.0 3.1 23 6.8
1996 Jul 1 18 54 45.06 -11 53 40.2 2.918 -20.10 3.919
168.3 3.0 9 6.8
1996 Jul 2 18 53 22.11 -11 47 42.1 2.906 -19.46 3.908
168.6 2.9 11 6.8
1996 Jul 3 18 51 58.53 -11 41 43.6 2.895 -18.82 3.897
168.7 2.9 25 6.7
1996 Jul 4 18 50 34.37 -11 35 44.8 2.884 -18.17 3.887
168.7 2 9 40 6.7
1996 Jul 5 18 49 09.66 -11 29 45.8 2.874 -17.52 3.876
168.5 3.0 55 6.7
1996 Jul 6 18 47 44.46 -11 23 46.7 2.864 -16.88 3.865
168.2 3.1 70 6.7
1996 Jul 7 18 46 18.81 -11 17 47.6 2.855 -16.23 3.854
167.8 3.2 84 6.7
1996 Jul 8 18 44 52.75 -11 11 48.6 2.845 -15.58 3.844
167.2 3.4 97 6.7
1996 Jul 9 18 43 26.34 -11 05 49.7 2.837 -14.93 3.833
166.6 3.5 111 6.6
1996 Jul 10 18 41 59.63 -10 59 51.2 2.828 -14.27 3.822
165.8 3.7 124 6.6
1996 Jul 11 18 40 32.66 -10 53 53.1 2.820 -13.62 3.811
165.0 4.0 136 6.6
1996 Jul 12 18 39 05.50 -10 47 55.6 2.812 -12.98 3.800
164.1 4.2 149 6.6
1996 Jul 13 18 37 38.20 -10 41 58.7 2.805 -12.33 3.790
163.2 4.5 161 6.6
1996 Jul 14 18 36 10.80 -10 36 02.5 2.798 -11.69 3.779
162.2 4.7 171 6.6
1996 Jul 15 18 34 43.37 -10 30 07.3 2.792 -11.05 3.768
161.1 5.0 170 6.6
1996 Jul 16 18 33 15.95 -10 24 13.0 2.785 -10.41 3.757
160.1 5.3 160 6.5
1996 Jul 17 18 31 48.60 -10 18 19.9 2.780 -9.77 3.746
159.0 5.6 148 6.5
1996 Jul 18 18 30 21.38 -10 12 28.0 2.774 -9.15 3.735
157.9 5.9 136 6.5
1996 Jul 19 18 28 54.35 -10 06 37.4 2.769 -8.52 3.724
156.7 6.2 124 6.5
1996 Jul 20 18 27 27.54 -10 00 48.3 2.764 -7.91 3.714
155.6 6.5 112 6.5
1996 Jul 21 18 26 01.02 -09 55 00.8 2.760 -7.30 3.703
154.4 6.8 100 6.5
1996 Jul 22 18 24 34.85 -09 49 15.0 2.756 -6.69 3.692
153.3 7.1 87 6.5
1996 Jul 23 18 23 09.06 -09 43 31.0 2.752 -6.09 3.681
152.1 7.4 74 6.4
1996 Jul 24 18 21 43.71 -09 37 48.9 2.749 -5.51 3.670
150.9 7.7 61 6.4
1996 Jul 25 18 20 18.86 -09 32 08.8 2.746 -4.92 3.659
149.7 8.0 48 6.4
1996 Jul 26 18 18 54.55 -09 26 30.9 2.743 -4.35 3.648
148.5 8.4 34 6.4
1996 Jul 27 18 17 30.83 -09 20 55.2 2.741 -3.79 3.637
147.3 8.7 21 6.4
1996 Jul 28 18 16 07.74 -09 15 21.8 2.739 -3.23 3.626
146.1 9.0 10 6.4
1996 Jul 29 18 14 45.32 -09 09 50.9 2.737 -2.69 3.615
144.9 9.3 15 6.4
1996 Jul 30 18 13 23.63 -09 04 22.5 2.736 -2.15 3.604
143.7 9.6 29 6.4
1996 Jul 31 18 12 02.71 -08 58 56.8 2.735 -1.62 3.593
142.5 9.9 44 6.4
1996 Aug 1 18 10 42.58 -08 53 33.8 2.734 -1.10 3.582
141.2 10.2 59 6.3
1996 Aug 2 18 09 23.31 -08 48 13.6 2.733 -.60 3.571
140.0 10.5 74 6.3
1996 Aug 3 18 08 04.92 -08 42 56.3 2.733 -.10 3.560
138.8 10.8 88 6.3
1996 Aug 4 18 06 47.45 -08 37 42.0 2.733 .39 3.549
137.6 11.1 103 6.3
1996 Aug 5 18 05 30.96 -08 32 30.8 2.734 .87 3.538
136.4 11.4 116 6.3
1996 Aug 6 18 04 15.46 -08 27 22.8 2.734 1.34 3.527
135.2 11.7 129 6.3
1996 Aug 7 18 03 01.01 -08 22 17.9 2.735 1.80 3.516
134.0 12.0 142 6.3
1996 Aug 8 18 01 47.63 -08 17 16.3 2.736 2.24 3.504
132.7 12.3 154 6.3
1996 Aug 9 18 00 35.36 -08 12 18.1 2.738 2.68 3.493
131.5 12.5 165 6.3
1996 Aug 10 17 59 24.24 -08 07 23.2 2.739 3.10 3.482
130.3 12.8 170 6.3
1996 Aug 11 17 58 14.30 -08 02 31.7 2.741 3.51 3.471
129.1 13.1 164 6.2
1996 Aug 12 17 57 05.56 -07 57 43.7 2.743 3.91 3.460
127.9 13.4 153 6.2
1996 Aug 13 17 55 58.06 -07 52 59.1 2.746 4.29 3.449
126.7 13.6 142 6.2
1996 Aug 14 17 54 51.82 -07 48 18.1 2.748 4.66 3.438
125.6 13.9 130 6.2
1996 Aug 15 17 53 46.87 -07 43 40.5 2.751 5.02 3.426
124.4 14.1 118 6.2
1996 Aug 16 17 52 43.23 -07 39 06.5 2.754 5.37 3.415
123.2 14.4 106 6.2
1996 Aug 17 17 51 40.92 -07 34 36.1 2.757 5.70 3.404
122.0 14.6 94 6.2
1996 Aug 18 17 50 39.97 -07 30 09.1 2.761 6.02 3.393
120.8 14.8 82 6.2
1996 Aug 19 17 49 40.38 -07 25 45.7 2.764 6.32 3.382
119.7 15.1 69 6.2
1996 Aug 20 17 48 42.19 -07 21 25.8 2.768 6.61 3.370
118.5 15.3 57 6.2
1996 Aug 21 17 47 45.39 -07 17 09.4 2.772 6.89 3.359
117.3 15.5 44 6.2
1996 Aug 22 17 46 50.02 -07 12 56.4 2.776 7.15 3.348
116.2 15.7 31 6.2
1996 Aug 23 17 45 56.06 -07 08 46.9 2.780 7.40 3.337
115.0 15.9 19 6.1
1996 Aug 24 17 45 03.55 -07 04 40.8 2.785 7.64 3.325
113.9 16.1 11 6.1
1996 Aug 25 17 44 12.48 -07 00 38.1 2.789 7.86 3.314
112.8 16.3 17 6.1
1996 Aug 26 17 43 22.85 -06 56 38.7 2.794 8.07 3.303
111.6 16.5 30 6.1
1996 Aug 27 17 42 34.69 -06 52 42.7 2.798 8.27 3.291
110.5 16.7 45 6.1
1996 Aug 28 17 41 47.98 -06 48 49.8 2.803 8.45 3.280
109.4 16.9 59 6.1
1996 Aug 29 17 41 02.74 -06 45 00.2 2.808 8.63 3.269
108.3 17.1 74 6.1
1996 Aug 30 17 40 18.97 -06 41 13.7 2.813 8.79 3.257
107.2 17.2 89 6.1
1996 Aug 31 17 39 36.67 -06 37 30.3 2.818 8.94 3.246
106.1 17.4 104 6.1
1996 Sep 1 17 38 55.84 -06 33 50.0 2.823 9.07 3.234
105.0 17.5 118 6.1
1996 Sep 2 17 38 16.49 -06 30 12.7 2.829 9.20 3.223
103.9 17.7 131 6.1
1996 Sep 3 17 37 38.61 -06 26 38.2 2.834 9.31 3.212
102.8 17.8 144 6.1
1996 Sep 4 17 37 02.22 -06 23 06.6 2.839 9.41 3.200
101.7 18.0 155 6.1
1996 Sep 5 17 36 27.30 -06 19 37.8 2.845 9.50 3.189
100.6 18.1 165 6.0
1996 Sep 6 17 35 53.86 -06 16 11.7 2.850 9.58 3.177
99.6 18.2 168 6.0
1996 Sep 7 17 35 21.91 -06 12 48.2 2.856 9.64 3.166
98.5 18.3 161 6.0
1996 Sep 8 17 34 51.42 -06 09 27.2 2.862 9.70 3.154
97.4 18.5 150 6.0
1996 Sep 9 17 34 22.41 -06 06 08.6 2.867 9.74 3.143
96.4 18.6 139 6.0
1996 Sep 10 17 33 54.87 -06 02 52.4 2.873 9.76 3.131
95.3 18.7 128 6.0
1996 Sep 11 17 33 28.79 -05 59 38.4 2.878 9.78 3.120
94.3 18.8 116 6.0
1996 Sep 12 17 33 04.18 -05 56 26.6 2.884 9.79 3.108
93.3 18.9 104 6.0
1996 Sep 13 17 32 41.01 -05 53 16.8 2.890 9.78 3.097
92.2 18.9 92 6.0
1996 Sep 14 17 32 19.29 -05 50 08.9 2.895 9.76 3.085
91.2 19.0 80 6.0
1996 Sep 15 17 31 59.01 -05 47 02.9 2.901 9.73 3.074
90.2 19.1 68 6.0
1996 Sep 16 17 31 40.16 -05 43 58.5 2.907 9.69 3.062
89.2 19.2 56 6.0
1996 Sep 17 17 31 22.73 -05 40 55.8 2.912 9.63 3.051
88.2 19.2 43 6.0
1996 Sep 18 17 31 06.71 -05 37 54.5 2.918 9.57 3.039
87.2 19.3 31 5.9
1996 Sep 19 17 30 52.09 -05 34 54.7 2.923 9.49 3.027
86.2 19.3 20 5.9
1996 Sep 20 17 30 38.86 -05 31 56.0 2.929 9.41 3.016
85.2 19.4 13 5.9
1996 Sep 22 17 30 16.51 -05 26 02.1 2.939 9.21 2.992
83.3 19.5 29 5.9
1996 Sep 27 17 29 44.11 -05 11 31.5 2.965 8.55 2.934
78.5 19.6 100 5.9
1996 Oct 2 17 29 44.05 -04 57 09.7 2.989 7.68 2.875
73.8 19.5 162 5.8
1996 Oct 7 17 30 15.07 -04 42 42.1 3.009 6.60 2.816
69.3 19.4 130 5.8
1996 Oct 12 17 31 15.85 -04 27 52.9 3.027 5.34 2.757
65.0 19.1 71 5.7
1996 Oct 17 17 32 45.03 -04 12 25.7 3.040 3.89 2.697
60.7 18.8 15 5.6
1996 Oct 22 17 34 41.09 -03 56 03.5 3.049 2.29 2.637
56.7 18.4 66 5.6
1996 Oct 27 17 37 02.60 -03 38 30.0 3.053 .58 2.576
52.8 17.9 133 5.5
1996 Nov 1 17 39 48.40 -03 19 28.8 3.052 -1.24 2.516
49.0 17.3 156 5.4
1996 Nov 6 17 42 57.62 -02 58 42.3 3.046 -3.16 2.455
45.5 16.7 102 5.3
1996 Nov 11 17 46 29.42 -02 35 51.5 3.034 -5.17 2.393
42.1 16.1 42 5.3
1996 Nov 16 17 50 22.96 -02 10 36.5 3.016 -7.25 2.331
39.0 15.5 33 5.2
1996 Nov 21 17 54 37.43 -01 42 36.3 2.992 -9.38 2.269
36.1 14.9 98 5.0
1996 Nov 26 17 59 12.27 -01 11 29.8 2.962 -11.53 2.207
33.5 14.3 157 4.9
1996 Dec 1 18 04 07.34 -00 36 53.7 2.925 -13.70 2.145
31.3 13.8 133 4.8
1996 Dec 6 18 09 22.73 +00 01 38.0 2.883 -15.87 2.082
29.5 13.5 78 4.7
1996 Dec 11 18 14 58.70 +00 44 34.5 2.834 -18.04 2.019
28.1 13.3 22 4.6
1996 Dec 16 18 20 55.58 +01 32 28.1 2.778 -20.19 1.956
27.2 13.3 62 4.4
1996 Dec 21 18 27 14.02 +02 25 53.6 2.717 -22.27 1.892
26.9 13.6 124 4.2
1996 Dec 26 18 33 55.28 +03 25 29.5 2.650 -24.27 1.829
27.0 14.1 157 4.1
1996 Dec 31 18 41 01.28 +04 32 00.1 2.577 -26.18 1.766
27.6 15.0 112 3.9
1997 Jan 5 18 48 34.58 +05 46 16.6 2.499 -27.98 1.702
28.6 16.1 58 3.7
1997 Jan 10 18 56 38.45 +07 09 17.7 2.416 -29.64 1.639
30.0 17.5 29 3.5
1997 Jan 15 19 05 16.98 +08 42 09.1 2.328 -31.12 1.577
31.6 19.1 87 3.3
1997 Jan 20 19 14 35.74 +10 26 02.7 2.236 -32.37 1.514
33.4 20.9 139 3.1
1997 Jan 25 19 24 42.41 +12 22 18.6 2.141 -33.34 1.453
35.2 23.0 142 2.9
1997 Jan 30 19 35 47.27 +14 32 24.7 2.044 -33.98 1.392
37.1 25.3 97 2.6
1997 Feb 4 19 48 03.84 +16 57 52.6 1.945 -34.23 1.332
39.0 27.8 47 2.4
1997 Feb 9 20 01 49.98 +19 40 08.0 1.847 -33.98 1.274
40.8 30.4 47 2.1
1997 Feb 14 20 17 29.37 +22 40 10.6 1.749 -33.12 1.218
42.4 33.1 98 1.9
1997 Feb 19 20 35 33.88 +25 58 02.4 1.656 -31.53 1.165
43.8 36.0 135 1.6
1997 Feb 24 20 56 45.74 +29 31 58.1 1.568 -29.06 1.114
44.9 38.9 131 1.3
1997 Mar 1 21 21 58.34 +33 17 05.9 1.489 -25.61 1.067
45.7 41.7 96 1.1
1997 Mar 6 21 52 13.30 +37 03 41.0 1.421 -21.10 1.025
46.2 44.3 57 .8
1997 Mar 11 22 28 27.54 +40 35 25.0 1.368 -15.54 .989
46.2 46.5 50 .6
1997 Mar 16 23 11 02.47 +43 29 22.7 1.332 -9.11 .959
45.9 48.1 83 .5
1997 Mar 21 23 58 57.24 +45 20 10.4 1.316 -2.14 .936
45.2 49.0 117 .4
1997 Mar 26 00 49 19.83 +45 49 07.2 1.320 4.89 .921
44.1 49.0 140 .3
1997 Mar 31 01 38 11.84 +44 53 32.0 1.344 11.46 .914
42.9 48.0 120 .4
1997 Apr 5 02 22 14.10 +42 47 48.6 1.385 17.16 .917
41.4 46.2 69 .4
1997 Apr 10 02 59 55.59 +39 55 11.8 1.442 21.75 .928
39.7 43.6 26 .6
1997 Apr 15 03 31 21.01 +36 38 08.9 1.510 25.18 .947
37.9 40.6 62 .7
1997 Apr 20 03 57 23.53 +33 13 23.1 1.586 27.54 .974
36.1 37.4 113 .9
1997 Apr 25 04 19 07.70 +29 51 23.8 1.668 28.98 1.008
34.1 34.0 165 1.1
1997 Apr 30 04 37 31.92 +26 37 50.0 1.753 29.66 1.047
32.1 30.8 123 1.4
1997 May 5 04 53 23.29 +23 35 08.9 1.839 29.74 1.092
30.2 27.7 55 1.6
1997 May 10 05 07 17.63 +20 43 52.6 1.924 29.37 1.141
28.3 24.8 12 1.9
1997 May 15 05 19 41.55 +18 03 30.0 2.008 28.66 1.193
26.6 22.3 70 2.1
1997 May 20 05 30 54.95 +15 32 59.8 2.090 27.72 1.248
25.0 20.0 128 2.3
1997 May 25 05 41 12.81 +13 11 09.9 2.168 26.62 1.305
23.7 18.1 167 2.5
1997 May 30 05 50 46.48 +10 56 46.1 2.243 25.40 1.364
22.6 16.6 100 2.8
1997 Jun 4 05 59 44.50 +08 48 37.1 2.315 24.09 1.424
21.9 15.4 34 3.0
1997 Jun 9 06 08 13.04 +06 45 36.2 2.382 22.73 1.486
21.6 14.5 32 3.2
1997 Jun 14 06 16 16.66 +04 46 44.1 2.446 21.36 1.548
21.6 14.0 88 3.4
1997 Jun 19 06 23 58.89 +02 51 08.5 2.506 19.99 1.610
22.1 13.7 145 3.5
1997 Jun 24 06 31 22.55 +00 58 03.4 2.561 18.66 1.673
23.0 13.7 139 3.7
1997 Jun 29 06 38 29.92 -00 53 12.2 2.613 17.33 1.736
24.2 13.9 74 3.9
1997 Jul 4 06 45 22.58 -02 43 15.3 2.662 16.04 1.800
25.7 14.2 23 4.0
1997 Jul 9 06 52 01.47 -04 32 38.1 2.706 14.79 1.863
27.4 14.5 54 4.2
1997 Jul 14 06 58 27.19 -06 21 47.8 2.747 13.61 1.927
29.4 15.0 107 4.3
1997 Jul 19 07 04 40.20 -08 11 07.1 2.785 12.49 1.990
31.5 15.5 153 4.5
1997 Jul 24 07 10 40.89 -10 00 55.9 2.819 11.45 2.053
33.7 15.9 112 4.6
1997 Jul 29 07 16 29.49 -11 51 32.6 2.851 10.47 2.116
36.0 16.4 54 4.7
1997 Aug 3 07 22 05.78 -13 43 13.4 2.880 9.56 2.178
38.4 16.8 34 4.8
1997 Aug 8 07 27 29.29 -15 36 10.7 2.906 8.73 2.241
40.9 17.2 75 4.9
1997 Aug 13 07 32 39.40 -17 30 32.8 2.930 8.01 2.303
43.5 17.6 123 5.1
1997 Aug 18 07 37 35.51 -19 26 25.6 2.952 7.38 2.365
46.0 17.9 139 5.2
1997 Aug 23 07 42 17.02 -21 23 53.1 2.973 6.84 2.426
48.6 18.2 87 5.3
1997 Aug 28 07 46 43.03 -23 22 59.1 2.992 6.39 2.487
51.2 18.5 45 5.3
1997 Sep 2 07 50 52.25 -25 23 43.6 3.010 6.03 2.548
53.8 18.6 53 5.4
1997 Sep 7 07 54 43.15 -27 26 02.6 3.027 5.78 2.609
56.4 18.8 93 5.5
1997 Sep 12 07 58 14.09 -29 29 47.8 3.043 5.65 2.669
59.0 18.9 130 5.6
1997 Sep 17 08 01 23.37 -31 34 48.1 3.060 5.62 2.729
61.6 18.9 116 5.7
1997 Sep 22 08 04 09.12 -33 40 51.2 3.076 5.68 2.789
64.1 18.9 71 5.8
1997 Sep 27 08 06 28.96 -35 47 42.8 3.093 5.84 2.848
66.6 18.9 51 5.9
1997 Oct 2 08 08 19.99 -37 55 02.9 3.110 6.09 2.907
69.1 18.8 72 5.9
1997 Oct 7 08 09 39.04 -40 02 25.7 3.128 6.45 2.965
71.5 18.6 106 6.0
1997 Oct 12 08 10 22.70 -42 09 20.9 3.147 6.91 3.024
73.7 18.5 123 6.1
1997 Oct 17 08 10 27.37 -44 15 15.3 3.168 7.45 3.082
76.0 18.3 96 6.2
R.A. J2000 Dec. = Geocentric astrometric right ascension and declination referred to the mean equator and equinox of J2000. Light time corrections have been applied
Delta = Geocentric distance of object in AU
Deldot = Geocentric radial velocity of object in km/s
r = Heliocentric distance of object in AU
Theta = Sun-Earth-Object angle in degrees
Beta = Sun-Object-Earth angle in degrees
Moon = Moon-Earth-Object angle in degrees
Tmag = Total magnitude
= .0 + 5.00*log(Delta) + 7.50*log(r)